Polus Antarcticus

Acquired From: Gowrie Galleries

Colouring: Coloured

Condition: Excellent

Confirmed: 28/09/2024

Date Acquired: 23/10/2002

Dealers ID No.: M163/3 (STK 1338.01)

Description: Henricus Hondius, the younger son of the renowned engraver and mapmaker Jodocus Hondius I, played a key role in the family mapmaking business, known as "In de Wackere Hondt" ("In the Vigilant Dog") in Amsterdam. Henricus worked closely with his father to expand and republish Gerard Mercators famous world atlas. Mercator passed away in 1594, leaving his ambitious Atlas unfinished. Mercators son, Rumold, completed and published the work in 1595 under the title Atlas sive Cosmographicæ meditationes de fabrica mundi et fabricati figura. A subsequent edition followed in 1602 but it was not commercially successful.nAfter Rumolds death in 1599, Jodocus Hondius I acquired many of the copperplates from Mercators atlas and used these along with his own maps to publish a new edition in 1606, titled Gerardi Mercatoris, Atlas sive cosmographicae meditationes. Hondius kept Mercator's name as the author and listed himself as the publisher. This edition, known as the Mercator-Hondius Atlas, was highly successful, solidifying the Hondius familys prominence in the cartographic world. nFollowing Jodocus I death in 1612, his sons Henricus and Jodocus II took over the business and continued publishing the atlas. In 1629, after Jodocus II's death, thirty-seven of the copperplates were sold to their competitor, Willem Jansz. Blaeu. Blaeu modified these plates and incorporated them into his own world atlas, Atlantis appendix sive pars altera, published in 1630.nIn response, Henricus partnered with his brother-in-law, Johannes Janssonius, and commissioned new plates to replace those sold to Blaeu. Together, they published a supplement to the Mercator-Hondius Atlas, titled Atlantis maioris appendix, sive pars altera, also in 1630, as a direct competitor to Blaeus atlas. It continued to be updated and expanded for several decades with new editions released throughout the 17th century.nOne of the most notable maps included in the Atlantis maioris appendix is this hemispherical map centred on the South Pole. It first featured in the 1637 edition of the atlas, a period marked by intense exploration, particularly by Dutch navigators mapping the southern hemisphere's coasts and islands. The map was revised and reissued over the next six decades, with contributions from Johannes Janssonius, Frederick de Wit, Gerard Valk, and Pieter Schenk.n''State 1'' (View Record (#114)): The original version of the map, published by Henricus Hondius, includes his name and the maps title within a decorative cartouche, along with a blank cartouche nearby. It documents the known Dutch discoveries in Australia up to 1627, such as Dirk Hartog's 1616 landing, the Leeuwins in 1622, and Pieter Nuyts' exploration in 1627. The map also features Frederick de Houtman's 1619 discoveries of "Houtman's Abrollos," along with the "Trial" Islands, "I. S. Pieter," and "I. S. Francois" off Australias southern coast.nThe inscription between the cartouches reads: "Infulas esse a nova Guinea usq. ad Fretum Magellanicum, affirmat Hernandus Galego, qui ad eas explorandas missus fuit a Rege Hispaniae Anno 1576," claiming that islands extended from New Guinea to the Strait of Magellan based on Hernando Gallegos 1576 exploration for Spain. These islands also appeared on other maps including Johanne Jansioniuss Mar del Zur Hispanis Mare Pacificum ( #43 and 282). nAnother inscription outside the map circle, at the lower left, states: "Has Insulas suis sumptibus nunquam cognitas detexit tam memorab. iss. nauclerus & explorator Iac. Lemaireus 1618," highlighting Jacob Le Maires 1618 discovery of these previously unknown islands.n''State 2'': In 1645, Hondiuss name was replaced with Janssoniuss.n''State 3'': By 1650, the blank cartouche was removed, and the region "Staten Landt," which appeared in the first two states as the eastward-extending coastline from Tierra del Fuego, was renamed "Staten Eylant" after Hendrik Brouwers discoveries in 1644.n''State 4'' (this map): In 1657, the title cartouche was removed, and Abel Tasmans discoveries in Tasmania and New Zealand were added. These regions were marked as "Ant. van Diem. Landt" (Tasmania) and "Nova Zeelandia" (New Zealand), with Tasmans place names included. The fourth state also introduces two new islands, Paulo and Amsterdam, which were not included in earlier states.nThe map is further adorned with large vignettes in each corner, depicting native scenes, animals, birds, boats, and even a representation of a penguin. On the verso is Polus Antarcticus cum regionibus subjacentibus et maribus illum alluentibus (The Antarctic pole with the adjoining regions and seas flowing near it).

Engraver: Hondius, Henricus (1597-1651)

First published: Atlantis maioris appendix, Amsterdam: Henricus Hondius, 1652

Image Size (cm): 43.5×49

Mapmaker: Hondius, Henricus (1597-1651)

Other states: First 1637 (View Record (#114)), Second 1641, Third 1650

Price: A3,200 plus gst

Primary Category: Southern Pacific

Purchase Reference: Inv. 1339

Rarity: Uncommon

References: Michael Ross, Polus Antarcticus: A Catalogue of Four States, Journal of the Australian Map Circle 54 (2003); nClancy, Manning, and Brolsma, Mapping Antarctica: A Five Hundred Year Record of Discovery, 277, map 10.3 (state 1639); nClancy, The Mapping of Terra Australis, 126, map 8.5 (state 1650); nSimon Dewez Printed World III pg 31 map 73

Sheet size (cm): 49×59.7

Technique: Copper Engraving

This state: 1652, Fourth