Acquired From: Leen Helmink
Colouring: Uncoloured
Condition: Good
Confirmed: 1/10/2024
Date Acquired: 2/2/2015
Description: Gregor Reisch, a German humanist, taught at the University of Freiburg from 1502 until his death in 1525. During his tenure, he tutored notable mapmakers such as Martin Waldseemüller (View Record (#61), View Record (#63)) and Sebastian Münster (View Record (#5), View Record (#91), View Record (#119), View Record (#232)). Reisch authored Margarita philosophica (Philosophical Pearl), a comprehensive textbook for university students that introduced the liberal arts and philosophy. First was first published in 1503 by Johann Schott of Strasbourg, the work was divided into twelve books, covering:n The trivium of "rational philosophy" (grammar, dialectic, and rhetoric).n The quadrivium of "real philosophy" (arithmetic, music, geometry, and astronomy).n Four books on natural philosophy.n One book on moral philosophy.nThe first edition Margarita philosophica included a Ptolemaic world map surrounded by twelve wind heads. Later editions featured versions of the map, including unauthorised reprints by Johann Grüninger, who replaced the twelve wind heads with four. nIn the 1513 edition, Reisch included this modern world map. Titled Typus Universalis Terrae, iuxta modernorum distinctionem et extensionem per regna et provincias (Universal Map of the Earth, According to the Modern Division and Extent by Kingdoms and Provinces), the map reflects a worldview shaped by classical geographic traditions and the exploratory discoveries of the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. nThe map prominently features North and South America in the far west. The northern landmass extends up to 75 north latitude, while the southern landmass, labeled "Paria seu Prisilia" (referring to Brasilia), stretches approximately to 55 south latitude. nThe map assigns alphabetical markers to regions, with a legend at the bottom providing the corresponding names of kingdoms and provinces. For example:n a: Ungaria, Valachia, & Servia (Hungary, Wallachia, and Serbia).n o: Callicut, Cananor (Calicut and Cannanore in India).nStraight lines are used to demarcate territories, a stylistic departure from the irregular natural boundaries typically seen in maps based on geographic accuracy. nReischs map served primarily as a pedagogical tool, organizing knowledge into clear, manageable categories. It aimed to integrate classical ideas with emerging discoveries from the Age of Exploration, offering a simplified representation of the world that emphasized political and territorial divisions over precise geographic detail.
First published: Reisch, Gregor Margarita philosophica Strasbourg: Johann Grüninger, 1513
Mapmaker: Reisch, Gregor (1467-1525)
Price: 11,048
Primary Category: World
Purchase Reference: Ledger 2022. Inv 2015-001
Rarity: R2 Very rare – one or two copies appear on the market
References: Bagrow and Skelton History of CartographynEames, A List of Editions of the Margarita PhilosophicanNejeschleba, Reisch, Gregor
Shirley ID #: 36 Mapping the World
Technique: Woodcut
This state: 1513
Website: See https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/64991sb/typus-universalis-ter…
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