Speculum cosmographicum

Acquired From: Leen Helmink

Colouring: Uncoloured

Condition: Good

Confirmed: Yes

Date Acquired: 21/3/2019

Dealers ID No.: 22514

Description: This printed page from the 1545 Latin edition of Cosmographia features the Speculum cosmographicum, a sophisticated volvelle (movable diagram) designed for use in celestial and terrestrial calculations. The volvelle consists of a base plate printed with degree and hour scales, overlaid by a rotating disc that displays a polar-projection world map, and further topped by a retea revolving pointer with a zodiacal band and eight marked stars. A latitude-scaled index arm completes the device, enabling users to make precise astronomical observations and calculations.A key feature distinguishing the 1545 Latin edition of Cosmographia was its extensive use of volvellesinteractive devices that allowed readers to perform mathematical calculations by rotating layered components. Tools such as the Speculum cosmographicum, or cosmographical mirror, exemplify the fusion of print technology, scientific knowledge, and mechanical ingenuity in Renaissance cosmographic works. These instruments turned the book into a working model of the cosmos, aligning it with the eras practical and pedagogical needs.nOriginally published by Peter Apian (Petrus Apianus) in 1524 as Cosmographicus liber, the work presented an integrated model of cosmography, encompassing geography, astronomy, and mathematics. Seeking to clarify the distinctions between these overlapping fields, Apians book offered accessible guidance on the structure of the universe and Earths place within it.nIn 1529, Apians student Gemma Frisius revised and expanded the work under the title Cosmographia, describing it as diligenter recognita (diligently corrected) and introducing updated scientific explanations and improved instruments such as the astrolabe, cross-staff, and volvelles. A further expanded edition followed in 1533, incorporating Frisiuss own writings and instructional material. These editions greatly enhanced the works pedagogical value and secured its wide circulation.nThe 1545 Antwerp edition, published by Gregorio Bontio and printed by Aegidius Diesthemij, exemplifies the maturity of the texts form and function. It helped to solidify Cosmographias influence across early modern Europe, resulting in over thirty editions and translations into Latin, French, Spanish, and Flemish. The Speculum cosmographicum remains one of the most visually and conceptually advanced instruments of its kind, offering insight into the dynamic interplay between bookmaking, science, and visual learning in the sixteenth century.

First published: Cosmographia liber, Landshut: Johann Weyssenburger, 1524

Mapmaker: Apain, Peter [Petrus] (1495-1592]

Other states: First 1524

Price: 1,250

Primary Category: Prints & Related Material

Purchase Reference: Ledger 2022

Rarity: R2 Very rare – one or two copies appear on the market

References: Dekker (2024), The Doctrine of the Sphere'nGaida (2016), Reading Cosmographia.nA list of Cosmographia editions, see van Ortroy (1901)

Sheet size (cm): 15×20.5

Shirley ID #: 51 Mapping of the World

Technique: Woodblock

This state: 1545